La cláusula abusiva más corriente de los seguros de comunidad
Cómo ya dijimos en otro post, lo importante es tener un seguro particular de la vivienda que asegure el continente (que es el conjunto de paredes, puertas, instalaciones fijas, cimentaciones, etc. de una edificación), y si existe éste, el comunitario sobra. El seguro «particular» también cubre las partes comunes del edificio que le corresponden como copropietario.
También comentábamos que el seguro comunitario, que básicamente cubre todo el «continente» del edificio, tanto se trate de partes comunes como privativas de cada una de las viviendas, tiene muchísimas más restricciones en cuanto a coberturas frente a los «privativos».
La cláusula abusiva
Casi todos los seguros de la comunidad tienen una cláusula que excluye aquellos elementos que no sean de origen de la edificación. Y ¿dónde está el abuso e incongruencia?
Con esta cláusula las aseguradoras sólo quieren cubrir aquellos elementos de «continente» originales de cuando se construyó el edificio. Esto quiere decir que, si hay un accidente y uno de los copropietarios se reformó el piso y la reforma no es de origen, puesto se ha instalado nuevos suelos de parqué cuando eran de terrazo, ha puesto unas puertas mejores a las preexistentes, etc, el seguro no lo quiere pagar.
Pero la incongruencia viene cuando los seguros quieren que sigas un mantenimiento adecuado del edificio. Esto significa que deberás cambiar la instalación eléctrica de hace 50 años, cambiar las viejas tuberías de fibrocemento por unas actuales, renovar las tuberías de plomo del gas o del agua por cobre o PET, etc. Por tanto, ¿cómo «concuerda» la «exigencia» de las aseguradoras de mantener y hacer las mejoras necesarias o incorporaciones de nuevos elementos de continente para evitar siniestros, y que luego ese mismo seguro te excluya esas mejoras o incorporaciones? Pues la cuestión es que no se entiende.
Y algunos seguros hacen esto porque a la hora de pagar no quieren indemnizar los elementos de continente añadidos por cada uno de los copropietarios como sería aires acondicionados, parqué, puertas nuevas y mejores, etc. Una auténtica barbaridad cuando se trata de seguros a valor estimado, y además la Ley 50/1980 permite aplicar infraseguros en caso que se den. Por tanto este tipo de cláusula es del todo abusiva.
Por eso, casi todos los jueces entienden, con muy buen criterio, que los elementos «de origen» no son los de fecha de construcción sino que son aquellos que ya estaban cuando se contrató el seguro, o sea, todos aquellos que existían anteriormente a la fecha de contratación del seguro. Esto sucede porque entienden que el seguro ya sabía lo que aseguraba, y si acaso, todo lo incorporado tras la fecha de contratación, como se trata de una «variación del riesgo», podríamos entender que no entraría. Que en ClaimCenter no estamos de acuerdo ni con eso ya que en los seguros de hogar no ocurre esta situación y los de comunidades sí cuando se trata del mismo tipo de riesgo. Es inaudito.
Recomendaciones de ClaimCenter
Tener seguros privativos que aseguren bien tu continente, y pocos o ninguno de comunitario.
Si queréis tener uno comunitario, que asegure el continente del edificio, debéis cambiar anualmente de compañía de seguros. Jamás repetir con la misma aseguradora. De este modo, y en caso de siniestro, la aseguradora deberá cubrir todos los elementos de continente existentes hasta la fecha de contratación del seguro, además de cubrir la responsabilidad civil derivada de accidentes provocados por esos elementos de continente.
Conclusión
Hay que tener en cuenta que esta cláusula que limita a aquello que sea «de origen» es del todo abusiva, y la interpretación que habitualmente hacen los jueces es del todo acertada, aunque si fuera por ClaimCenter la prohibiríamos y la equipararíamos a la de las pólizas del hogar, puesto se trata de seguros a valor estimado, y la incorporación de nuevos elementos de «continente» casi nunca aumentan o disminuyen de manera substancial el riesgo. Si acaso se aplica un «infraseguro» a esa vivienda en caso que esté insuficientemente asegurada, pero jamás excluir el pago de la prestación por no ser aquello «de origen». Es un auténtico timo.
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Muy ilustrativo, porque en muchas ocasiones el asegurado se queda «colgado» por no
tener idea de cuál vá a ser la «pega» que van nó a encontrar, sino buscar para justificar la no acción de la compañia de turno.
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